Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe - 1256 Words

Throughout history we have learned that different societies are accompanied by different customs. Amongst these customs are the rules, morality, ethnic norms and others that make a society unique.Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a novel that describes a Nigerian community Ibo, that has its own set or rules, norms and traditions. In this novel we are exposed to a community that goes through struggles between change and tradition when Christianity is introduced to the society through British colonization. The novel remains ambivalent about the courses of action that officials and missionaries used to enact Christianity in the Ibo culture. The change that is confronted by this culture affect various characters in different ways. How†¦show more content†¦Mistakes like pouring new wine in old bottles was enough for him to suspend an individual from church. He had no interest in learning about the religion like Mr.Brown did and he did not believe in the stories told no matter how credible the person who confirmed them was. â€Å"such stories were spread in the world by the Devil to lead men astray. Those who believed such stories were unworthy of the Lords table.† (Achebe, p.185) Reverend Smith was judgmental and narrowed down how precise to his standards people who would convert to Christianity had to be. Reverend Smith main goal is to reduce the amount of people who have converted and just stay with those who meet his standards. While he attempts to accomplish this he is encountered with situations that lead other authorities to get involved. District Commissioner calls upon six clansman under Smiths administration. â€Å"We shall not do you any harm,† said the District Commissioner to them later, â€Å"if only you agree to cooperate with us.† (Achebe, p.194) A passage that demonstrates an indirect form of threat, no harm will be done to the man only if they agree to work with the colonizing administration. Therefor, the clansman would have to give up on their beliefs and agree to work with what the administration wants to impose on the society. After a speech given by the commissioner theShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbook Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe does just that. This book should be taught in schools because it shows the values and traditions of Achebe’s Igbo culture, persistently teaches life lessons throughout the book, and shows the darker reality of European colonialism in Africa. Chinua Achebe is known as one of the most influential and famous authors to ever write. Chinua Achebe originates from an Igbo background and he expresses that through his writings very well including Things Fall ApartRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words   |  6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebe’s ‘Things fall apart’ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pages who took their land for monetary gain. This was a dark period of time for Africans that live there. The U.S. Civil War and The Great Depression both can be related, in this instance, to how down their people were because of what happened. Chinua Achebe said it best, â€Å"I would be quite satisfied if my novels...did no more than teach my readers of their past...was not a long night of savagery from which the first European acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(qtd. in â€Å"Morning Yet† 45). In theRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1452 Words   |  6 Pagesassume control over the Roman Empire. However, imperialism in Africa remained a recorded element from 1750 to 1945. This paper visits how control and changes were influences over the Africans during this time period as seen through Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. (UKEssays, 2015) Europe was experiencing a few financial and political changes that forced the major European forces to investigate abroad regions to add to their resources during the seventeenth century. In order for the EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1265 Words   |  6 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is markedly relevant to our current course of studies in World History, as it tells a story based on European Imperialism in Africa. Coming off the heels of our Imperialism unit, this post-colonial novel provides very helpful context on different civilizations’ perspectives throughout the Age of Imperialism; aside from analyzing death tolls, descriptions of conflicts, and names of countries, it was previousl y hard to envision what life was actually like during thatRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe 735 Words   |  3 PagesThings fall apart. Achebe. Ernest Gaines once said, â€Å"I write to try to find out who I am. One of my main themes is manliness. I think Im trying to figure out what manliness really is.† Indeed, every society or culture has its own understanding of an ideal man. Even though these characteristics are different in various parts of the world, the significance of masculinity can never be overestimated. â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe is considered as one of the best examples of a riseRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe692 Words   |  3 Pagesthe way to go. Through commercial trading Islam spread into Igboland, and this led to more Igbo people leaving the Igbo way of life for another, whether it be Islam or Christianity which divide the country in two. In the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe British colonialism and the migration of Muslims to Nigeria led to the change in the faith, social and economic changes in the Igbo society. Traditional Igbo faith believes that there is only one creator or god known as ChinekeRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel, â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe the Igbo tradition revolves around structured gender role. Everything essential of Igbo life is based on their gender, which throughout the novel it shows the role of women and the position they hold, from their role in the family household, also planting women crops, to bearing children. Although the women were claimed to be weaker and seemed to be treated as objects, in the Igbo culture the women still provided qualities that make them worthyRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe Essay1851 Words   |  8 Pageschoice and styles are critical not only to the reader’s understanding of the text but to his appreciation as well. How language is effectively manipulated in their writings enhances the reader’s valuing of the works. The selected novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a representation of Igbo culture and their language. It explores the life of an Igbo tribe at the time of when colonization hit Africa. It could be considered as a post-colonial text, as the protagonist of the story and the other

How Does Communication Affect Relationships Essay

Communication is one of the most important aspects in romantic relationships and different communication styles can affect relationships differently. Relationships can be both positively and negatively affected depending on the level of communication between the partners. This literature review will first define romantic relationships and explore what exactly happens in the development of these relationships. From the research found, individual’s age or sex did not necessarily affect the differences in communication. Some research claimed that communication itself defined a romantic relationship; while other researchers said that a couple having the conversation of, â€Å"what are we?† was enough to define the relationship. Sometimes it was mutuality in a relationship that helped define it. Mutuality in relationships was often increased with positivity and compliments between partners (Doohan and Manusov 2004). Individuals have different levels of disclosure and when c ombined with another individual’s disclosure level can have positive or negative outcomes. The decision to communicate can also cause uncertainty within relationships. Prior research was conducted to try and measure what exactly causes the uncertainty and negative results to show up in a relationship. Intimacy, security, problematic events, and irritations are all different elements that can be stronger or weaker in the relationship based on the disclosure (Theiss and Solomon 2006). This is an important areaShow MoreRelatedHow Does Communication Affect Relationships Change?1437 Words   |  6 PagesThe Positive Ending Interpersonal communication is heavily present in close-knit relationships. Throughout time, all communication in relationships changes whether it is for the positive, negative, or just different. Mark Knapp created a ten stage system to describe how communication in relationships change (255). The ten stages of Knapp’s system are: initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, and terminating (256). TheseRead MoreTechnology Is The Work Place Environment1447 Words   |  6 Pages46% of Managers Believe Employees Misuse Social Media and Work Technology†). When fellow employees have machines to do work for them and to talk for them, people may not even be communicating at their jobs. Interpersonal communications are important to building workplace relationships, this interaction is killed by technology tools which results in them becoming reserved and self-centered and burying themselves into work whic h is harmful for business (Ramey, â€Å"The Advantages and Disadvantages of TechnologyRead MoreThe Role of Effective Communication in Improving Organizational Performance1157 Words   |  5 PagesTHE ROLE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN Improving organizational PERFORMANCE (CASE STUDY OF flour mill of Nigeria plc) BY AWAZIE ONYINYECHI SARAH 07AB05044 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The word communication has a rich and complex history. It first appeared in English Language in the fourteenth century, taken from the Latin word â€Å"communicare† which means to impact, share or make common. Bateman (1999), defined communication as the transmission of information and meanings from one partyRead MoreNonverbal Communication Is The Loudest Form Of Communication873 Words   |  4 PagesNonverbal Communication Is The Loudest Form of Communication in Romantic Relationships Makenzie Wells Arizona State University The key to a successful relationship may not be through a spoken interaction, but through a reflection of one’s nonverbal behavior. Nonverbal communication is surprisingly the loudest form of communication, because it is the miracle behind successfully connecting with someone without speaking. There many different forms of nonverbal communication including;Read Moreletter of advice com 200 wk 51575 Words   |  7 Pagesyou both would like advice on how to effectively communicate in your relationship. In taking an interpersonal communication course, I have learned several concepts that I would like to share with you throughout this letter. I feel that it is only right that I share information I have learned for the marriage you have ahead. I know that you are newly engaged, and this information will prove to be of use in your relationship. It is important that interpersonal communication become the building blocksRead MoreRelationships Affected By Media1112 Words   |  5 Pa gesfundamental differences the core purpose of all media is communication. Whether it be to inform, entertain or advertise. Communication Communication comes in many forms as well. For example: written or spoken communication. These all involve the the exchange of information through different medias. In order for communication to be carried our correctly, understanding must be accomplished which in turn effects your relationships. Relationships Relationships refer to interaction between yourself and otherRead MoreTheories Of Leadership And Leadership Theory Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesCONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP. Traditional theories of leadership were more concentrated on behaviours and traits of leaders, and how they affect subordinates in the workplace. Then came contingency theories, which took into account situational/contextual factors. Newer theories have come up, which introduced the idea that leader-subordinate relationships are individually different. These newer theories are Contemporary theories of leadership. They include Leader-Member exchange Theory, ImplicitRead MoreAn Effective Nurse Client Relationship Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe nurse client relationship is said to be a helping or therapeutic relationship in which the main focus is to enhance the health and wellbeing of the patient. As stated by Harris,Nagy and Vardaxis (as cited in Mosby’s Dictionary,2008) â€Å"A nurse-client relationship can be defined as a therapeutic relationship between a nurse and client built on a series of interactions and developing over time† The relationship is different from a social relationship in the way that it is only focused on the needsRead MoreCommunication And Relational Closeness Between A Parent And A Child971 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the way that families communicate during and after a divorce. Moreover, this study will focus on the two communication variables of communication competence and relational closeness to further understand the role of communication in a divorce and its ability to affect the family unit. Ambiguity and Relational Closeness Divorces happen at high rates and, many times, divorces often affect marriages with children (McManus Nussbaum, 2011, p. 501). During the divorce, it is common to find that parentsRead MoreCommunication : Understanding Interpersonal Communication1554 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction AND Thesis Statement Communication is the number one key in a relationship, especially when you re talking about marriage. I would like to take this moment to say congratulation on your recent marriage. I want to tell you that communication helps build a healthy personal foundation by implementing small talk in helping resolve conflicts through growth and helps reduce any barriers that prevent you from having a happy, successful marriage. Remember that no one is perfect at communicating

Tora an emblem of New Woman Free Essays

Ibsen was a powerful Norwegian playwright who left no stone unturned to explore all the critical problems of the society right from his Pillars of the Society ,Ghosts   to The Enemy of People. Ibsen was really disturbed to find that women were being turned into mere gewgaws of the household ,to decorate the house, to nod at every odd proposal put forth by her husband, i.e, the master of the household, to dance to his tune all the time to keep the peace and harmony of home intact. We will write a custom essay sample on Tora: an emblem of New Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was such aggrieved to observe this   unhealthy balance ,that he composed the brilliant play A Doll’s House, considered to be one of the best plays that marks a new epoch in the history of women’s emancipation. Ibsen himself wrote â€Å"The wife in the play ends by having no idea of what is right or wrong; natural feeling on the hand and belief in authority on the other have altogether bewildered her. A woman cannot be herself in the society of the present day ,which is an exclusively masculine society ,with laws framed by men and with a judicial system that judges feminine conduct from a masculine point of view.†[Cf. Ibsen, Henrik:Notes for the Modern Tragedy ] Hence, Ibsen was very much aware of the fact that the housekeeping woman-cum-wife was invariably looked down upon by the male chauvinistic husband. Why not look at Nora Helmer and her position in the household from   close   quarters? In the very first act , when she enters with a load of parcels in her hand and interacts with her husband Torvald , she is addressed at least more than once as â€Å"featherbrain†, â€Å"scatterbrain† so forth. It may be so taken for granted that Torvald driven by the unalloyed passion of love for her wife addresses her in like terms. So far as ‘songbird’ , ‘doll-wife’ go that may have some significance. But, when Torvald unhesitatingly utters, â€Å"You wouldn’t believe how much it costs a man when he’s got a little songbird like you†, his dormant chauvinism suddenly pops up to the open. Does he not mean to belittle the labor his wife is incessantly putting in to run the household smoothly , that too, not in expectation of any material gain for herself in turn? Yes, he does, whether   he intends to mean so or not. In Act One itself, it becomes crystal clear to us that Nora loved her husband so deeply that she never hesitated   to forge a document when it came to the decision of saving her husband’s life. She even confessed of working as a copywriter for sometime working late into the night burning her midnight oil and energy.Why? TO SAVE HER HUSBAND†S PRECIOUS LIFE!!And what did she get in turn? Nora’s interaction with Mr. Krogstad too was not out of the necessities of profession. The letter that he left shoving her to the brink of destruction was rectified later on by another letter of contrition. But , the matters had tuned worse by then. Our query to the playwright is ,if Nora got the taste of earning like a man by copywriting why did she not continue with it and accrue some   sort of self-complacency by seeing herself dependent? Perhaps, the subjugation of women in that era for which Mary Wollstonecraft and others of that period fought was stifling her to death from within! Knowingly, unknowingly, or whatever!! Mr. Krogstad at one point started pestering Nora to influence her husband for retaining him as his subordinate in the bank. Thereafter, this sneaking man went to such a daring extent that Nora could not disown him, knowing full well that this man was more venomous than a viper. Mr. Krogstad started blackmailing Nora with such incriminating statements like, â€Å"Your father died on the twenty-ninth of September. But look at this –your father has dated his signature the second of October. Isn’t that a curious thing, Mrs. Helmer?† [Nora is silent] Can you explain it?†[A Doll’s House,Act One] Nora was caught into the snare and lastly when the act of unintentional forgery stood exposed to Torvald in Act Three and he hit the roof ,accusing his doll-wife   with harsh words ,Nora   had every reason to give vent to her pent-up hurt feelings. She felt humiliated when Torvald pointed rude and naked finger to her dead father’s moral failings and detested her for inheriting so. Was it not the most heinous form of accusation? Torvald could demean her , could call her names even, but was it really ethical of him as a son-in-law to bring down the house at the expense of his dead father-in-law’s moral turpitude? That might be utterly baseless even! Even after such humiliation Nora could utter , â€Å"I’ve loved you more than anything in the world.† Torvald cast aspersions on her by calling her â€Å"liar†, â€Å"hypocrite† even worse, â€Å"a criminal†. She had inherited her father’s shiftless character by proving herself   irreligious, immoral, irresponsible! Nora went on listening all the odorous, obnoxious accusations maintaining her cool. And , even when Torvald thundered, â€Å"And I’m brought so pitifully low all because of a shiftless woman!† she remained surprisingly calm rejoining only, â€Å"Once I’m out of the way, you’ll be free.† Torvald went a step further and snowballed his unguarded comment, You will remain here in my house —that goes without saying—but I shall not allow you to bring up my children†¦.I shouldn’t dare trust you with them†, then could any motherly sentiment remain untouched ? Nora’s heart too bled profusely at such ruthless utterance. That was why, it took hardly a few seconds for her to decide to slam the door on her husband’s face at last! When the letter of repentance or redress reached Torvald, he in the same peremptory tone spoke out, â€Å"Nora, I’m saved.†Nora in a passive tone inquired of her position, â€Å"And I?† With intense passion,Torvald said, â€Å"You too of course.† After such mindless , pointless   humiliation , how could Torvald be so inane to belt out the words, â€Å"I’ve forgiven you..†?† We are surprised to see Nora turning back to look stern at him , thus intimidating him. Nora pulled up all her courage to blurt out on his face, â€Å"You’ve never loved me, you’ve only found it   pleasant to be in love with me.†Therafter , Nora went on expatiating her restrained attitude in both her father’s house and later at her husband’s . She admitted of dancing to both her father’s and husband’s tunes , as the cases might have been. Later on with much conviction the revelation dawned upon her, â€Å"You and Papa have committed a grievous sin against me: it’s your fault that I’ve made nothing of my life.† She never had the courage to express her own opinion. Now she mustered her guts to speak out and think independently with her own grey cells!! Now she was not hesitant to say that she was never happy at Torvald’s , but only â€Å"gay†. Nora felt the need of educating herself, she was keen on standing on her own feet ,if she was to know herself and the world outside. Her tongue did not falter to utter, â€Å"That’s why I can’t stay here with you any longer.†This daring statement could only suffice to bring   a New Woman   out of conventional Nora ,a   doll-wife ,in the era when voicing   a protest against a husband   was simply next to impossible!! Nora lastly hit the bull’s eye by saying that life could hardly be a real marriage for a couple who pretended all he time to be HAPPY!! It was the greatest miracle of all when Nora left the house slamming the door behind. The house appeared EMPTY to Torvald. We were being prepared throughout the play for this final action from Nora. Her unrequited love for her husband , for her family shoved her to the edge of utter denial . The children for whom she spent her last farthing to buy the costliest Christmas gift , too, could not be trusted with her!! Such utterance drove her desperate, insane and her decision seemed appropriate.However inane it might appear at the outset, it brought to the fore a revolutionary   and protesting self   of a woman who hated demeaning her womanhood. As economic freedom happened to be a significant criterion of a free woman , will it be very wrong to say that Nora of Ibsen foreshadowed Lily Briscoe of Virginia Woolf or her thought of an earning woman as a New Woman as appeared in her A Room of one’s Own?As in later days we find Michele Foucault arguing   about self-refusal rather than self-discovery,by which he meant to say that ‘to become what she was not at the beginning.† Thus, the concept of New Woman which was taking shape with Mother Courage of Brecht or Wife of Bath of Chaucer even much earlier found a veritable shape in Nora Helmer. Nora was truly justified to rise up in arms against the abominable subjugation inflicted on her and Ibsen was assiduously preparing the audience right from Act One for such a finale. Of course, Nora had every right to chime in with a contemporary woman-poet, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, â€Å"Yes,injured Woman!rise, assert thy right! Woman!too long degraded , scorned, oppressed; O born to rule in partial Law’s despite, Resume thy native empire o’er the breast.†[The Rights of Woman] Works Cited 1.Ibsen , Henrik[Tr. Peter Watts]:A Doll’s House and Other Plays, Penguin, England, 1965. 2.Cole, Toby ed: Playwrights on Playwriting,Colonial Press, USA, 1960. 3.Pritchard, R.E.ed:Poetry by English Women ,Elizabethan to Victorian, Continuum, New York, 1990. 4.Meyer, Michael:Ibsen, Penguin, England, 1967. 5, Gatting, Gary ed:The Cambridge Comapanion to Foucault, CUP, New York, 1994.             How to cite Tora: an emblem of New Woman, Essay examples

Australian Immigration Law Visa Under Subclass

Question: Describe about the Report for Australian Immigration Law of Visa Under Subclass. Answer: To, The Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Re: Application for Waiver of Condition 8503 Dear Sir, This is to bring to your kind notice that my client, Sukhon Chaiprasit, a citizen of Thailand aged 25 years, seeks waiver of condition 8503 from his visitors visa which is to be expired in the coming few days. The reason why my client is seeking waiver of this visa is because he wants to apply for Class UB Medical Treatment Visa under subclass 602. It has been seen that Condition 8503 is a widely imposed condition on many Australian Visas. This condition is also referred to as No Further Stay Condition[1]. Existence of this condition on an applicants visa means that the person who is holding visa shall not be entitled to hold any other substantive visa except protection visa for the time he stays in Australia. Hence, this means that application of this condition on any visa prohibits an applicant from filing any other visa except protection visa until the time the person stays within the territory of Australia[2]. Ideally, condition 8503 is imposed on any of the following visas: Visitor Visa (Sub class 600), either sponsored family stream or approved destination stream Research or training visa (Subclass 402) for the development of the professional stream only Holiday and work visa if a person held two subclass visas earlier[3]. If the No Further Stay Condition is attached to the visa of any applicant then he has to leave Australia the moment his visa has expired and will have to apply for a fresh visa from his national[4]. Thus, condition 8503 prohibits a person from applying a new visa while staying in Australia at the expiry of his present visa. The person who holds visa subject to condition 8503 will have to leave Australia and apply for a fresh visa whether temporary or permanent in nature[5]. However, as per the Migration Regulation, 1994 under Regulation 2.05 (4) and under subsection 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958 certain criterion have been stated based on which the waiver of the condition may be sort[6]. According to Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994, a person on whose visa condition 8503 is imposed, cannot apply for any other visa while he is staying in Australia unless he satisfies the existence of any of the circumstances, which in the opinion of the Department is sufficient enough to waive condition 8503. Additionally, the applicant will also have to satisfy that the Minister for waiving condition 8503 denied no prior application[7]. Hence, according to section 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act, 1958, the authority of the Minister to grant waiver of condition 8503 depends on the existence of some of the circumstances which in the opinion of the Department is compassionate or compelling in nature or beyond the control of the visa holder. The situation may be of such a nature that it led to major change in the present circumstance of the visa holder[8]. In the case of my client, Sukhon Chaiprasit is eligible to obtain waiver of condition 8503 attached to her visa and she is qualified under exception Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994 and subsection 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958[9]. Based on the following reasons, one may say that Sukhon Chaiprasit is eligible for waiver: Sukhon, while she stayed in Australia, was attacked by the CBD at the time she was returning from dinner. When this attack took place in Australia, she held visitor visa under sub class 600. As a result of the attack that took place, the doctor advised her to stay in Australia without travelling for at least for a period of 6 months. As per the requirement of her present health condition, she was told to visit the Australian hospital every 2 days for regular checkups. Crimes Compensation Tribunal was paying the expenses of her treatment. She was a prime witness of the incident that took place against her in Melbourne. It is evident from the facts stated above that the situation, which my client faced, was beyond her control and that she needs immediate extension of her visa. It is beyond the control of an ordinary intelligence to know that she will be attacked in Melbourne because of which she will go through unnecessary issues regarding her health and stay in Australia. Hence, in behalf of my client I would like to make a request to the Department to kindly waive the condition from her visa so that she is able to extend her stay in Australia. My client, Sukhon Chaiprasit, successfully satisfies the criteria, which is laid in the law of immigration in Australia and is therefore qualified for being granted waiver of condition 8503. After successful waiver of condition, 8503 she will be able to apply for Class UB Medical Treatment visa under subclass 602 based on her existing health condition. In my opinion, there is existence of compassionate and compelling situation for which the condition should be waived from her visa. My client had no control over the situations, which she had to go through in Australia. Additionally, the doctor has advised her not to travel for at least 6 months as her health condition is not good and she will have to visit the Australian hospital for regular check up after an interval of every 2 days. The physical condition of my client does not permit her to travel outside Australia so it becomes important for the Department to waive condition 8503 from her present visa. The Criminal Compensation Tri bunal was paying her for the injuries that she had to suffer in Melbourne. Hence, the Department cannot ignore the report of my client and rejection of his waiver may cause adverse effects on my clients health. Thus, it is an earnest request to the Department to use their discretionary power as laid in section 41 of the Migration Act 1958 and grant waiver of condition 8503 from the visa of my client. Additionally, to continue her stay in Australia my client also requires grant of visa subclass 602 as my client has qualified all the conditions needed for waiver of condition 8503 from the visa. Her situation is compelling or compassionate in nature that led to change in her existing circumstances. She has also not applied for any other waiver application in the past, which was rejected by the department. Hence, the Department should consider my clients present condition and accordingly waiver over condition 8503 should be removed from her visa. For the perusal of the Department, the report of the doctor is attached along with the given application. Thanking you. Yours Sincerely, Registered Immigration Officer 2: As per the Migration Act, 1958, section 48 deals with the prohibition of visa holders to apply for new visas in Australia. This prohibition is applicable on people who hold criminal justice visa, bridging visa or enforcement visa. In the case of Sukhon Chaiprasit, her application of visitor visa is invalid as Class FA, subclass 600 (tourist stream) has condition 8503 imposed on it and this does not meet the requirements of section 48 of the Migration Act 1958 of waiver. This means that that the no further stay condition, before applying for any other visa making her submission of visa under section 46 of the Migration Act 1958 is void[10]. According to Regulation 2.05 of the Migration Regulation 1994, the first step should be to write a submission to the Ministry for waiving the no further stay condition before applying for any other visa in Australia. In case, the waiver is denied then the application of bridging visa is permissible[11]. As per section 46 of the Migration Act, 1958, an application for visa is considered invalid when the visa applicant is in the migration zone since the time he or she has arrived in Australia. Additionally, the visa may also be deemed to be invalid if the applicant holds a visa having a condition imposed on it which the Minister denied waiver and a fresh application of visa cannot be held valid unless proper waiver is granted. In the case of Sukhon Chaiprasit, fresh application of visa was not valid, as she did not receive waiver of condition 8503 in the first attempt. This condition was attached to her visa of Class FA, subclass 600 (tourist stream). This condition imposed restriction on any person from applying any other visa while the visa applicant continues his stay in Australia. Since in this case, the waiver was denied hence application of any fresh visa becomes invalid. Additionally, Sukhon is subject to section 48 of the Migration Act, 1958, as she has the eligibility of presenting her case on grounds of compelling or compassionate reasons and hence she has eligibility of applying for waiver of condition 8503. 3: The code of conduct is mentioned as part of Schedule 2 of the Migration Act 1958[12]. According to this schedule, every migration officer in Australia has to comply with certain code of conduct that he or she needs to abide by. In the case of Sukhon, the breach of conduct that the former migration agent committed was that he failed to determine that the present visitor visa of Sukhon is subject to condition 8503, which should be waived first before application of a fresh visa in Australia. Thus, we may conclude that the migration agent violated section 2.1 of Code of Conduct for migration officer, which required to him to act in the best interest of the client that is to act in fairness and due diligence[13]. Hence, in the case of Sukhon it was implied that the migration agent would be aware of the rules as contained in section 46 of the Act as per which he was required to first write a submission to the Minister for waiving his condition 8503 before applying for fresh visa. According to section 2.5 of the Code of Conduct, a migration agent has the duty to take appropriate efforts to improvise knowledge about Migration Act in Australia. Since the migration agent of failed to keep himself updated about the migration rules he failed to comply with the duties of a migration agent[14]. Hence, it may be said that the migration agent of Sukhon failed to follow the standards as mentioned in the Code of Conduct of the Migration Rules. He failed to utilise his diligence and acted recklessly without bringing it to the knowledge of his client that the condition 8503 needs to be imposed from his visa first and then apply for a fresh visa. References: border.gov.au. last accessed. 6 Aug. 2016. Crossin, Patricia. Administration And Operation Of The Migration Act 1958. Canberra: Legal and Constitutional References Committee, 2006. Print. Humphrey, Michael. "Migration, security and insecurity."Journal of Intercultural Studies34.2 (2013): 178-195. Migration Act 1958. 1st ed. 2005: 46-49 last accessed 6 Aug. 2016. Migration Act 1958. 1st ed. Minister for Immigration and Border Protection, 2014: 64-103 Last accessed. 6 Aug. 2016. Migration Act 1958. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2004. Print. Migration Regulations 1994. 1st ed. Legislative Drafting and Publishing, Attorney-Generals Departmen, 2012. Last accessed: 6 Aug. 2016. Murphy, Ken. Immigration. 13th ed. Sydney: Robert Wilson, 2014: 996-1000 last accessed 6 Aug. 2016. Ruddock, Philip. "Refugee Claims and Australian Migration Law: A Ministerial Perspective."UNSWLJ23 (2000): 1. Sackville, Ronald. "Judicial Review of Migration Decisions: An Institution in Peril."UNSWLJ23 (2000): 190. Williams, Janet and Michael Klapdor. Migration To Australia Since Federation. 1st ed. Australia: N.p., 2010: 13-14 Last accessed: 6 Aug. 2016.